Extended Essay Guide Learn How to Write it With Ease

Searching for a progressively sensible Extended Essay Guide? At that point look no further. It is protected to expect that you are right now handling the difficulties of the International Baccalaureate (IB) educational program. In any case, that doesn't imply that understudies are given all the important assets to address complex expanded exposition questions. All through this IB Extended Essay Guide, we will investigate the most proficient techniques to oversee and finish such a difficult errand. Substance What is an IB Extended Essay? By what means will the task be evaluated? IB Extended Essay Guidelines What are the best Extended Essay Topics? IB Extended Essay Example (Sample) Mystery Tips and Tricks To Tackle Any IB Extended Essay Questions The â€Å"Do’s and Don'ts† of Tackling Any Extended Essay Questions Mystery Tips and Tricks Beginning Sooner Is Always Better Than Later What is an IB Extended Essay? The IB Diploma Program is very requesting as it incorporates different types of appraisal, one of which is the Extended Essay. It is intended for understudies matured between 16 to 19 to help set them up forever's difficulties. In general it expects to do as such by urging its members to be free masterminds that are learned, mindful, humane just as have a curious nature about their general surroundings. One builds up their intercultural understanding because of the strategies used to show the material, especially the Extended Essay, and the multicultural learning condition that gets ready understudies to move toward issues from a huge number of perspectives. Noticeably the IB program is intended to enable understudies by permitting them to participate in more significant level investigations of their favored subjects. In this manner, the Extended Essay Topics will be founded on one of the more significant level subjects. Much of the time, the IB Extended Essay is abbreviated to EE. Despite what Extended Essay points are being mulled over, the task itself can't surpass 4000 words. The task must utilize a Spread Page/Title Page, Conceptual, Chapter by chapter list, Principle Body and a Bibliography. This errand ought to be organized as a smaller than expected proposal composed under the oversight of a scholastic boss, generally one of the IB educators accessible at the school. The outcome got from understudies Extended Essay points is checked towards the estimation of their IB Diploma. For those looking for a progressively point by point clarification of how it is counted up, we will go over that in the segments to come. The procedure itself expects one to have their Extended Essay subjects affirmed by the IBO which isn't as confounded as most anticipate that it should be. After it has been acknowledged, the time has come to choose whether one will utilize a commonplace research paper group, lead some type of investigation or look to take care of a conspicuous issue. Most IB schools will permit their understudies to pick the consultant they need to furnish them with different IB Extended Essay Guidelines. In what manner will the task be evaluated? For the most part, the counsels are required to furnish understudies with a present clarifying the evaluating plan for all Extended Essay questions. Be that as it may in the event that it is as yet indistinct, we will go over it again in the area underneath. As expressed by the authority Extended Essay Guidelines, the task will be set apart by various outer analysts which have been selected by the IB. The reviewing scale starts at 0, being the most reduced, and finishes at 36, being the most elevated. By the by, notwithstanding having a range, there are still some subject-explicit just as general models applied to the Extended Essay position just as substance. Along these lines, as per what number of Rubric Assessment Points you get, a Description Letter will be assigned to demonstrate the last grade. Broadened Essay Example: Grading Scheme How does the Extended Essay sway my certificate? Starting at 2014, since the principal assessment in May 2015, understudies who get an E on their Extended Essay subjects or Theory of Knowledge (TOK) will not, at this point be qualified to be granted the renowned IB certificate. These two evaluations are as yet being consolidated permitting understudies to get up to 3 focuses towards their degree by finishing the two assignments effectively. Explicit Criteria On the off chance that you have been considering how to get every one of those 36 focuses for your Extended Essay themes then here is the appropriate response. Having referenced a few times that there are some somewhat thorough severe standards used to review Extended Essay points, we will presently examine every one of them exclusively clarifying their importance and job. We have incorporated the greatest measure of focuses every one of these areas convey to give students a superior comprehension of their value, in any case regardless of their numerical worth all are similarly significant. A: Research Question [ 2 focuses Max ] In many subjects, the reason for the exposition will be featured as an inquiry, which is the reason this standard is called Research Question. In any case, explicit Extended Essay subjects will permit and even support various methodologies when characterizing them. Considering that, the examination question despite everything must be remembered for the cover sheet, and a presentation of the Extended Essay group requires that. B: Introduction [ 2 focuses Max ] As indicated by the IB Extended Essay Guidelines inspectors must survey how much pupil’s presentation features the connection between the examination question and foundation information the individual as of now gangs on the Extended Essay subject. Understudies should hope to underline the criticalness and worth of this assessment comprehensively. In general the setting of the picked look into question must be expressed and inspected. C: Investigation [ 4 focuses Max ] As demonstrated by the IB Extended Essay Guide our following measure involves analyzing how much understudies have arranged their examinations. Generally, inspectors are hoping to see a broad scope of sources is thought about, productive utilization of information just as actualizing these components in the correct spots. In general ensure you gather ONLY significant material that has been deliberately chosen as it must help the possibility of the examination. D: Knowledge and Understanding of the Topic Studied [ 4 focuses Max ] This measure evaluates how much understudies know about the present situation in the particular field they are examining. In any case, that announcement must be taken with a spot of salt since it is alluding to what a pre-college understudy can expand on and not a Masters graduate. Subsequently, our Extended Essay Guide urges understudies to evidentiate their insight and comprehension of the current point by showing how the examination impacts this subject from their present scholastic viewpoint. E: Reasoned Argument [ 4 focuses Max ] Because of the title, it is fairly direct what will be put under evaluation. The IB Extended Essay Guidelines unequivocally expect understudies to utilize all the information or perusing material gathered to feature their thoughts rationally and coherently. Consequently, students may choose to contend against their exploration address or decide to discover different methods of demonstrating it. Remember that the paper must prevail with regards to demonstrating or negating the first theory as indicated by the IB Extended Essay Guide. F: Application of Analytical and Evaluative Skills Appropriate to the Subject [ 4 focuses Max ] Understudies show a fitting utilization of their explanatory and evaluative aptitudes all through each area remembered for their Extensive Essay structure. G: Use of Language Appropriate to the Subject [ 4 Points Max ] Proper utilization of scholastic phrasing, language, punctuation, and so forth all through the task. In general the objective is to get one's thoughts across to people in general in a reasonable and compact way. H: Conclusion [ 2 focuses Max ] The objective here is plainly to survey the effect of an understudy's decision. Importance and consistency all through one's contention will assume a critical job for analysts. Make a point not to leave any unanswered inquiries to handle inside the end. Doing so can show the understudy's exploration was not careful enough or the Extended Essay structure was not appropriately sorted out. The keys to progress are to be predictable in the techniques and proof used to help one's contention just as keeping things as clear and compact as conceivable without rehashing the presentation. I: Formal Presentation [ 4 focuses Max ] As straightforward as it would sound from the start, the accompanying basis worries about the formal physical components of the Extended Essay. It is completely significant that understudies know about these necessities delineated in any Extended Essay Guide. Again consistency is basic as understudies must cling to the standard configuration portrayed underneath in the IB Extended Essay Guidelines area. For more data on what these components are, counsel â€Å"What is an IB Extended Essay?† situated toward the beginning of our Extended Essay Guide. Adhering to a basic arrangement of rules can wind up granting the understudy 4 focuses, which would be a disgrace to miss out on. J: Abstract [ 2 focuses Max ] Recollect that paying little mind to what Extended Essay subjects are being mulled over the theoretical can never surpass 300 words as it will bring about losing these 2 focuses. Ensure you incorporate the exploration question being examined, how the information or perusing material will be gathered just as how one anticipates that the examination should finish up. K: Holistic Judgment [ 4 focuses Max ] The last rule decides to survey the characteristics which recognize an astounding Extended Essay from a fabulous one. Basically what it implies is showing an energetic scholarly activity and a firm comprehension of what the subject involves. It is enthusiastically suggested in any Extended Essay Guide that understudies try to apply all encompassing judgment all through the whole task. IB Extended Essay Guidelines Like all government sanctioned testing frameworks the Extended Essay guideli

Tips on How to Set College Goals

Tips on How to Set College Goals Having objectives in school can be an incredible method to remain centered, propel yourself, and maintain your needs in control when things get upsetting and overpowering. However, exactly how might you set your school objectives such that sets you up for progress? Consider Your End Goals What sort of objectives would you like to accomplish during your time in school? These objectives can be enormous (graduate in 4 years) or little (go to an examination meeting for science once every week for in any event a month). Be that as it may, having a primary objective at the top of the priority list is the first, and maybe most significant advance, in defining reasonable objectives. Be Specific With Your Goals Rather than Do better in Chemistry, set your objective as Earn at any rate a B in Chemistry this term. Or on the other hand even better: Study in any event an hour daily, go to one gathering study meeting seven days, and go to available time once every week, all with the goal that I can acquire a B in Chemistry this term. Being as explicit as could reasonably be expected while defining your objectives can help make your objectives as sensible as conceivable significance youll be bound to accomplish them. Be Realistic About Your Goals In the event that you scarcely passed the greater part of your classes last semester and are presently on scholarly probation, defining an objective of winning a 4.0 next semester is likely unreasonable. Invest some energy contemplating what bodes well for you as a student, as an understudy, and as an individual. On the off chance that youre not a morning individual, for instance, defining the objective of awakening at 6:00 a.m. each morning to go to the rec center is most likely not reasonable. In any case, defining the objective of getting in a decent exercise after your Monday, Wednesday, and Friday evening Shakespeare class most likely is. Thus, if youve been battling with your scholastics, set sensible objectives that attention on helping you gain ground and improve in manners that appear to be reachable. Would you be able to jump from a bombing grade last semester to an A this semester? Most likely not. In any case, you can mean to improve to, state, in any event a C if not a B -. Consider a Realistic Timeline Defining objectives inside a time span will assist you with setting cutoff times for yourself. Set objectives for seven days, a month, a semester, every year (first-year, sophomore year, and so forth.), and graduation. Each objective you set for yourself, as well, ought to have a time period connected. Something else, youll wind up putting off what you have to do since theres no cutoff time by which you guaranteed yourself youd arrive at your objective. Consider Your Personal and Intellectual Strengths Defining objectives can be trying for even the most determined, decided undergrads. In the event that you set yourself up to do things that are a piece excessively testing, nonetheless, you can wind up setting yourself up for disappointment rather than for progress. Invest some energy considering your very own and scholarly qualities. Utilize your solid association aptitudes, for instance, to make a period the executives framework so you quit pulling dusk 'til dawn affairs each time you have a paper due. Or on the other hand utilize your solid time the board abilities to make sense of which co-curricular responsibilities you have to slice so as to concentrate more on your scholastics. Generally: utilize your qualities to discover approaches to defeat your shortcomings. Make an interpretation of Your Strengths Into Details Utilizing your qualities which everybody has, so dont undercut yourself!- is the most ideal approach to get from thought to the real world. When defining objectives, at that point, utilize your qualities to ensure you: Have an arrangement and an approach to arrive. What is your objective? What explicit things would you say you will do to arrive at it? By when?Have an approach to check your advancement. In what manner will you know whether your objective is working? At the point when will check in with yourself to check whether youre making the littler advances you have to bring the course to coming to your large goal?Have an approach to consider yourself responsible. What will occur on the off chance that you dont do what you guaranteed yourself youd do? What will you change?Have an approach to adjust to change. Definitely, something will happen that will mess up your arrangements. So what will you do to acclimate to change? Being excessively severe with your objectives can be counterproductive, as well, so ensure youre flexible.Have rewards worked in en route. Dont neglect to remunerate yourself for arriving at little objectives en route to arriving at your large objectives! Defining and moving in the direction of objectives takes significant work and commitment. Prize yourself to keep your inspiration up and to, well, simply be pleasant to yourself. Since who doesnt like a little acknowledgment, isn't that so?

Souq waqif and Museum of islamic arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Souq waqif and Museum of islamic expressions - Essay Example The exhibition hall of Islamic workmanship is additionally another such structure in Doha that utilizes customary engineering, drawing its plan from the Mosque of Ahmad ibn Tulun in Cairo. Conventional design is perceived today as a stronghold of the past. With expanded touristic exercises, in Doha, Souq Waqif and the Museum of Islamic Art among different structures fill in as traveler goals as a result of their masterful basic plans (Brebbia 301). The customary engineering plans in the Arab world imply their appropriateness in the neighborhood condition that has fused the possibility of manageability. The expanding contemporary structural plans are mixing with the conventional plans to mirror the Qataris Islamic personality. A significant number of the structures in Qatari are moving to the conventional design examples and styles that join both traditionism and innovation. The new structures are recreating Qatari’s conventional engineering components and styles, for example, the historical center of Islamic workmanship, and old ones, for example, Souq Waqif that are rebranding to have that customary viewpoint. The gallery sits on a territory of around 64 sections of land of a fake island in the Doha cornice and a mobile good ways from the popular Souq Waqif. It was built in 2008 and made its ways for the general population around the same time. The island was made in line with Mr. Pei, who was entrusted to think of the engineering plan, whose fundamental point was to make the structure stand apart to such an extent that future structures could never infringe it (Boussaa 62). The possibility of the exhibition hall of Islamic craftsmanship came after a progression of visits the world over contemplating Islamic design. Mr. Pei visited numerous spots from the excellent mosque in Cordoba Spain and the incredible mosque of Damascus where he found that atmosphere and culture are exceptionally crucial in deciphering Islamic design, albeit none of those

Biography of Childrens Author Tomie dePaola

Life story of Children's Author Tomie dePaola Tomie dePaola is acclaimed as an honor winning childrens writer and artist, with more thanâ 200â booksâ to his credit. Notwithstanding showing these books, dePaola is likewise the writer of in excess of a fourth of them. In his craft, his accounts, and his meetings, Tomie dePaola appears to be a man loaded up with an adoration for mankind and joie de vivre. Early Life By the age of four, Tomie dePaola knew he needed to be a craftsman. At 31 years old, dePaola showed his first picture book. Since 1965, he has distributed at any rate one book a year, andâ generally four to six books every year. Quite a bit of what we think about Tomie dePaolas early life originates from the writers own books. Truth be told, he his arrangement of starting section books depends on his adolescence. Known as 26 Fairmount Avenue books, they incorporate 26 Fairmount Avenue, which got a 2000 Newbery Honor Award, Here We All Are, and On My Way. Tomie originated from a caring group of Irish and Italian foundation. He had a more established sibling and two more youthful sisters. His grandmas were a significant piece of his life. Tomies guardians upheld his longing to be a craftsman and to perform in front of an audience. Instruction and Training When Tomie communicated an enthusiasm for taking move exercises, he was quickly enlisted, despite the fact that it was irregular for a little fellow to take move exercises around then. In his image book Oliver Button is a Sissy, dePaola utilizes the tormenting that he encountered due to the exercises as the reason for the story. The accentuation in Tomies family was on getting a charge out of home, school, loved ones, and grasping individual interests and gifts. dePaola got a BFA from Pratt Institute and a MFA from the California College of Arts Crafts. Among school and graduate school, he invested a concise energy in a Benedictine religious community. DePaola showed workmanship or potentially theater plan at the school level from 1962 through 1978 preceding giving himself full time to childrens writing. Scholarly Awards and Accomplishments Tomie dePaolas work has been perceived with various honors, including a 1976 Caldecott Honor Book Award for his image book Strega Nona. The title character, whose name implies Grandma Witch is obviously approximately dependent on Tomies Italian grandma. DePaola got the New Hampshire Governors Arts Award as the 1999 Living Treasure for the whole body of his work. Various American schools have granted dePaola privileged degrees. He has likewise gotten a few honors from the Society of Childrens Book Writers and Illustrators, the Kerlan Award from the University of Minnesota, and grants from the Catholic Library Association and the Smithsonian Institution, among others. His books are often utilized in the homeroom. Composing Influences DePaolas picture books spread various subjects/points. A portion of these includeâ his own life, Christmas and different occasions (strict and common), folktales, Bible stories, Mother Goose rhymes, and books about Strega Nona. Tomie dePaola has likewise composed various educational books like ​Charlie Needs a Cloak, which is the tale of the formation of a fleece shroud, from shearing a sheep to turning the fleece, weaving the fabric, and sewing the article of clothing. dePaolas assortments incorporate Mother Goose rhymes, unnerving stories, regular stories, and nursery stories. He is likewise the creator of Patrick, Patron Saint of Ireland. His books are portrayed by amusingness and cheerful delineations, numerous in a society workmanship style. DePaola makes his fine art in a blend of watercolor, gum based paint, and acrylic. A Full and Accomplished Lifeâ Today, Tomie dePaola lives in New Hampshire. His specialty studio is in an enormous outbuilding. He goes to occasions and shows up consistently. DePaola keeps on composing books dependent on his own life and interests, just as showing books for different writers. To become familiar with this phenomenal man, read Tomie dePaola: His Art and His Stories, which was composed by Barbara Elleman and distributed by G.P. Putnams Sons in 1999.

JW3 Building Design Review Essay - 1650 Words

JW3 Building Design Review (Essay Sample) Content: A Review of the Jewish Community Centre in LondonFirst Name, (Middle Name Initials), Last NameUniversity NameInduced by misrepresentation, the term Judaism has received many opposing definitions. To some it is a race, to others it is an ethno-religious group but for most it is just a religion. Undoubtedly, Judaism is not specific to a religious affiliation but refers to a culture with strong linkages to its origin, to include aspects like: customs, marriage, family, lifestyle, dance, music, art, literature and media. To preserve and spread this code of conduct observed by Jews around the world, the Jewish Foundation has constructed more than 1100 centres globally. Each has unique architectural concepts, innovations in construction, community inspired functionality and revolutionary concepts to inspire future architectural projects. Since 1854 the centres have not only offered Jewish people a place of solace in largely non-Jewish societies but a place dedicated to ce lebrate the Jewish life through cultural, recreational and educational activities.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: An artist's impression of the JW3: Jewish Community Centre in LondonIn London, the Jewish Community Centre, now called JW3, opened its doors to the public in September 2013 after 10 years of construction. It is located off the busy six-lane Finchley Road directly opposite the Camden Arts Centre and north of central Londons main Jewish heartland. Visitors access the centre through a bridge constructed over a large sunken courtyard leading to the piazza. Designed to promote the rich cultural and educational tradition of the Jewish culture, the complex serves as a meeting place for Jews and non-Jews alike. The 3250 sq m cultural drive complex dubbed the postcode for Jewish life is the brain child of Vivien Duffield of Clore Duffield Foundation who inspired by Jewish Community Centre in Manhattan stumped up the 40 million required to bring the dream to fruition. The f our time Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) award recipient complex comprises of three components: a flexible three storey community centre, a munificent open space for outdoor events and a residential block of 14 two bedroom flats, all designed by architectural firm Lifschutz Davidson Sandlands (LDS).
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: Hufton + Crow impression of the JW3LDS was tasked with delivering a robust centre that serves a multitude of diverse activities (short and long-term) in each space within the facility. The design, according to the stakeholders, needed to architecturally fresh, to reflect a centre that is environmentally friendly, that harnesses natural ventilation, harvests rainwater, easy to navigate, and accessible to all. In addition, the centre had to be appealing both to the young stars and the older members of the community. More importantly, the centre had to evoke creativity rather than merely re-enact a Jewish culture. LDSs response was exceptiona l! It has been described by some as a building that appears to be uncomplicated; nonetheless, a very sophisticated and well-resolved, both in its details and concept. The architects at LDS developed an accommodative architectural concept which brings coherence and flexibility to spaces for retailing, socializing, performing and learning. The spaces within the complex are arranges hierarchically, with the most public areas located on the ground level which opens up to outdoor terraces. The three storey building, read as two from the street, feature a multipurpose hall, a 60 seats cinema hall and large kosher cafà © on the ground floor: opening up to a screening room, workshop space and piazza. The first floor, designed as a community space, features a demonstration kitchen, arts and craft room, learning resource centre, rehearsal and dance studios, meeting rooms and a learning centre. The second floor features a nursery with outdoor space that allows the kids to benefit from a ro of top terrace which was designed as a play area. It also features a 10 storey 14 two bedroom apartment residential block.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3: A cross-sectional view of the ground floorThe architectural concept behind JW3 was to build a robust and utilitarian style centre with a loose-fit philosophy that emphasises a high degree of flexibility. To accomplish this, the building is designed as a pavilion that utilizes a flexible concrete frame construction model. This allows a large degree of adaptability in arranging the facilities in a clear and logical way. The dense concrete column grid above the transfer structure on the ground floor minimizes the floor slab depth. This keeps the overall height within the limits. It also plays a huge role in promoting the environmentally-friendly theme of JW3 by providing exposed thermal mass which contributes to the passive temperature control of the building and helps to meet the aspiration for sustainability. Some of the hi gh-flying innovative flexibility features in the JW3 includes: large flexible spaces, folding walls, and a seamless merging of the indoor and outdoor activities. Simple but innovative solutions to meet the environmentally-friendly ambitions include rooftop chimneys which provide natural ventilation to all the areas and also allow for cooling at night. Additionally, the windows in the piazza - positioned on the elevation serve as a way of controlling heat gain; and also support a seamless indoor/outdoor experience. To enhance the environmentally-friendly theme, the complex is constructed using a sloping topography as a way of sheltering the lower floors of the piazza and terrace from the bolstering traffic noise on Finchley Road. Moreover, the sloping topography also allows for adequate light to permeate the lower floors.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 4: An artist's impression of the front view of the JW3The structural engineers involved in the JW3 project considered a wide ran ge of building materials (void slabs, timber and waffle), before they finally settled on beige reconstituted bricks. They walls are constructed within a 350 mm by 175mm bronze balustrade concrete rib configuration that features a high quality finish. The ribbed slab configuration allows for seamless service routing throughout the floor areas, enabling the connection between ancillary and open activity zones which gives the building its unique open-house concept. All the formwork was done on site to ensure the integrity of all joints and corners. One of the biggest contributions of the JW3 construction to the architecture discipline was the development and use of a unique mix of cement within the interior of building. The cement, which has a lower solvency ratio and special ash, dries up faster to give a darker shade when cured. This revolutionary development set a benchmark in the industry for its detailed method of concrete workmanship. The traditional form of cement that result s in a lighter shade when cured was used in the exterior of cen... JW3 Building Design Review Essay - 1650 Words JW3 Building Design Review (Essay Sample) Content: A Review of the Jewish Community Centre in LondonFirst Name, (Middle Name Initials), Last NameUniversity NameInduced by misrepresentation, the term Judaism has received many opposing definitions. To some it is a race, to others it is an ethno-religious group but for most it is just a religion. Undoubtedly, Judaism is not specific to a religious affiliation but refers to a culture with strong linkages to its origin, to include aspects like: customs, marriage, family, lifestyle, dance, music, art, literature and media. To preserve and spread this code of conduct observed by Jews around the world, the Jewish Foundation has constructed more than 1100 centres globally. Each has unique architectural concepts, innovations in construction, community inspired functionality and revolutionary concepts to inspire future architectural projects. Since 1854 the centres have not only offered Jewish people a place of solace in largely non-Jewish societies but a place dedicated to ce lebrate the Jewish life through cultural, recreational and educational activities.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: An artist's impression of the JW3: Jewish Community Centre in LondonIn London, the Jewish Community Centre, now called JW3, opened its doors to the public in September 2013 after 10 years of construction. It is located off the busy six-lane Finchley Road directly opposite the Camden Arts Centre and north of central Londons main Jewish heartland. Visitors access the centre through a bridge constructed over a large sunken courtyard leading to the piazza. Designed to promote the rich cultural and educational tradition of the Jewish culture, the complex serves as a meeting place for Jews and non-Jews alike. The 3250 sq m cultural drive complex dubbed the postcode for Jewish life is the brain child of Vivien Duffield of Clore Duffield Foundation who inspired by Jewish Community Centre in Manhattan stumped up the 40 million required to bring the dream to fruition. The f our time Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) award recipient complex comprises of three components: a flexible three storey community centre, a munificent open space for outdoor events and a residential block of 14 two bedroom flats, all designed by architectural firm Lifschutz Davidson Sandlands (LDS).
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: Hufton + Crow impression of the JW3LDS was tasked with delivering a robust centre that serves a multitude of diverse activities (short and long-term) in each space within the facility. The design, according to the stakeholders, needed to architecturally fresh, to reflect a centre that is environmentally friendly, that harnesses natural ventilation, harvests rainwater, easy to navigate, and accessible to all. In addition, the centre had to be appealing both to the young stars and the older members of the community. More importantly, the centre had to evoke creativity rather than merely re-enact a Jewish culture. LDSs response was exceptiona l! It has been described by some as a building that appears to be uncomplicated; nonetheless, a very sophisticated and well-resolved, both in its details and concept. The architects at LDS developed an accommodative architectural concept which brings coherence and flexibility to spaces for retailing, socializing, performing and learning. The spaces within the complex are arranges hierarchically, with the most public areas located on the ground level which opens up to outdoor terraces. The three storey building, read as two from the street, feature a multipurpose hall, a 60 seats cinema hall and large kosher cafà © on the ground floor: opening up to a screening room, workshop space and piazza. The first floor, designed as a community space, features a demonstration kitchen, arts and craft room, learning resource centre, rehearsal and dance studios, meeting rooms and a learning centre. The second floor features a nursery with outdoor space that allows the kids to benefit from a ro of top terrace which was designed as a play area. It also features a 10 storey 14 two bedroom apartment residential block.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3: A cross-sectional view of the ground floorThe architectural concept behind JW3 was to build a robust and utilitarian style centre with a loose-fit philosophy that emphasises a high degree of flexibility. To accomplish this, the building is designed as a pavilion that utilizes a flexible concrete frame construction model. This allows a large degree of adaptability in arranging the facilities in a clear and logical way. The dense concrete column grid above the transfer structure on the ground floor minimizes the floor slab depth. This keeps the overall height within the limits. It also plays a huge role in promoting the environmentally-friendly theme of JW3 by providing exposed thermal mass which contributes to the passive temperature control of the building and helps to meet the aspiration for sustainability. Some of the hi gh-flying innovative flexibility features in the JW3 includes: large flexible spaces, folding walls, and a seamless merging of the indoor and outdoor activities. Simple but innovative solutions to meet the environmentally-friendly ambitions include rooftop chimneys which provide natural ventilation to all the areas and also allow for cooling at night. Additionally, the windows in the piazza - positioned on the elevation serve as a way of controlling heat gain; and also support a seamless indoor/outdoor experience. To enhance the environmentally-friendly theme, the complex is constructed using a sloping topography as a way of sheltering the lower floors of the piazza and terrace from the bolstering traffic noise on Finchley Road. Moreover, the sloping topography also allows for adequate light to permeate the lower floors.
Figure  SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 4: An artist's impression of the front view of the JW3The structural engineers involved in the JW3 project considered a wide ran ge of building materials (void slabs, timber and waffle), before they finally settled on beige reconstituted bricks. They walls are constructed within a 350 mm by 175mm bronze balustrade concrete rib configuration that features a high quality finish. The ribbed slab configuration allows for seamless service routing throughout the floor areas, enabling the connection between ancillary and open activity zones which gives the building its unique open-house concept. All the formwork was done on site to ensure the integrity of all joints and corners. One of the biggest contributions of the JW3 construction to the architecture discipline was the development and use of a unique mix of cement within the interior of building. The cement, which has a lower solvency ratio and special ash, dries up faster to give a darker shade when cured. This revolutionary development set a benchmark in the industry for its detailed method of concrete workmanship. The traditional form of cement that result s in a lighter shade when cured was used in the exterior of cen...

Consuming Surrealism Essaypilot

Surrealism occurred in the year 1917 before the emergence of the art movement in Paris. According to (Robin, 100), he defines surrealism as a cultural movement in 20th -century in art and literature whose intention was to release the creative potential of the unconsciousness of the mind like for instance by the illogical juxtaposition of images. The artist painted alarming irrational scenes with photographic exactitude, creating a strange creature from everyday events on politics and objects, coming up with the painting technique that allowed self-expression of the unconscious. Since surrealism emerged, it spread across the globe, finally affecting the visual arts, the political thought, and practice, the music of many countries, philosophy as well as social theory. On the other hand, Suzanne referred surrealism as an expression of philosophical movements with the work being an artifact. Aime Cesaire argues that colonialism has not been a benevolent whose movement and goals are to advance the life of colonized. Instead, it meant that that, the aims of the colonist was based on their benefits as well as self-centered motives that are economic exploitation. According to him, when the colonist establishes the colonies and after that, they exploit them, they already create many reasons. However, to Cesaire argument, he focuses on the two major problems that this colony create. Namely: the colonial and proletariat problem. I his description of the colonial problem that the civilization created, he referred to Europe as indefensible meaning that his colonies could not be positively misconstrued. Aime base his argument on the claim that there are no innocent colonizers and no one either colonizes with exemption. Therefore, a nation which is colonized, and shows the civilization colonialism by force become a gruesome civilization, which is ethically infected, overwhelmingly going from one significance to another, call for its Hitler, all these meant the punishment. He as well regards the colonizers as ferocious due to unfair treatment to the colonies. (Aime, 80)Moreover, he considered the relationship as a single limited to force labor, pressure, intimidation theft, compulsory crops, taxation, rape, self-complacency, brainless elite and degraded masses. In addition, Cesaire acknowledges the issue of reconstruction of racial relationship. To identify the colonial relationship as one based on the trace he came up with a comparison between his homes of Martinique with the African colonies. By equating barbarism racism and colonialism, he claims that colonization is a form of dehumanization that comes from Europes racism against the Caribbean and black population in Africa. It is very clear that, according to his writings, he showed that Hitler diverged in the eyes of Europeans simply because he applied the procedure of the Europe colonist, which since then has been reserved particularly for Arabians of Algeria, the Indians coolies, as well as the niggers of Africa. This means that, if white Europeans are persecuted, Hitler will produce violence and most commonly reserved for no-white populations. To add a point, Cesaire keeps on repeating that the colonizers benefit based only on world civilization that depended on turning all the colonizers into barbarians. Accordingly, the barbarians from all colonies were regarded to have no possession of civilization and cultural equal to that to that of imperialism. In addition, the latter have no any justification, no purpose for the exploitation and the dominance of the rest of the world. Cesaire calls the colonial encounter in another world as thingification which means that the colonies require a reinvention of the colonized and past which was destroyed deliberately. Work cited Surrealism. , 2014, 70. Internet resource. Zalman, Sandra. Consuming Surrealism in American Culture: Dissident Modernism. , 2015, 80. Print.

Feminism In Jane Eyre - 1729 Words

hroughout the history of English, Literature feminism has remained one of the central themes in many amazing works of literature. This concept represents feminine independence and self-esteem in a male-dominated society. One of the famous authors who convey this idea is Charlotte Brontà « especially in her best-selling novel Jane Eyre in which she discusses the social background of the Victorian society and its effect on women. What society teaches women is not always right; it is up to women to rely on their moral senses to take the proper path for their actions. During the Victorian era, a woman’s life revolved around domestic duties, form a young age they are taught to be submissive and obedient. They had no rights and were expected to†¦show more content†¦The immediate origin of Janes oppression is young John Reed, who never misses an opportunity to spell out for her how much the family detests her: â€Å"You are a dependent, mama says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen s children like us, and eat the same meals we do and wear clothes at our mama s expense. Now, I ll teach you to rummage my bookshelves: for they are mine; all the house belongs to me, or will do in a few years.† (Brontà « 12) John Reed uses his position as the sole male to harass Jane, leaving her helpless because she knows that Mrs. Reed, Georgina, and Eliza will side with John. Jane realizes that even â€Å"the servants did not like to offend their young master by taking [her] part of him.† (Brontà « 12) Infuriated and defeated by the mental and physical abuse she received at the hands of John; Jane finally stands up to him comparing him to â€Å"murder. . . A slave-driver. . . like the Roman emperors!† (Brontà « 11) Her verbal and physical resistance to John Reed is largely instinctive: â€Å"fury,† â€Å"frantic,† â€Å"deep ire and desperate revolt† describe her feelings at this time: her tongue seems to pronounce words without her will â€Å"consenting to theirShow MoreRelatedFeminism in Jane Eyre1423 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in Jane Eyre Jay Sheldon Feminism has been a prominent and controversial topic in writings for the past two centuries. With novels such as Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, or even William Shakespeares Macbeth the fascination over this subject by authors is evident. In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre the main character, Jane Eyre, explores the depth at which women may act in society and finds her own boundaries in Victorian England. As well, along with the notions of feminism oftenRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre1317 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in Jane Eyre After reading Jane Eyre, I think Jane Eyre is a great woman. Jane is disadvantaged in many ways as she has no wealth, family, social position or beauty. Jane does have intelligence though, and her disposition is such to make Rochester fall in love with her. Through a serious of troublesome situations between Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester, the author set up a great female image before us: insisting on maintaining an independent personality, pursuing individual freedom, advocatingRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre753 Words   |  4 PagesAP English III Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre in 1847, when men were far superior to women. That is why a major debate remains on whether Jane Eyre is a feminist novel or not. It would not be surprising to say that the novel has very feminist undertones because of the time period, the Victorian Era, in which women were treated poorly. However, one could argue that Jane Eyre is actually an anti-feminist novel due to some of the context throughout the story. Both these feminist and anti-feministRead MoreFeminism In Jane Eyre1679 Words   |  7 Pagesnovels--Jane Eyre--of her time period when she created the unique and feminist female heroine, Jane Eyre. Throughout the novel, Jane becomes stronger as she speaks out against antagonists. She presses to find happiness whether she is single or married and disregards society’s rules. The novel begins as Jane is a small, orphan child living with her aunt and cousins due to the death of her parents and her uncle. Jane s aunt--Mrs. Reed--degr ades her as she favors her biological children. Jane s aunt--MrsRead MoreJane Eyre and Feminism1822 Words   |  8 PagesCharlotte Brontes novel Jane Eyre embraces many feminist views in opposition to the Victorian feminine ideal. Charlotte Bronte herself was among the first feminist writers of her time, and wrote this book in order to send the message of feminism to a Victorian-Age Society in which women were looked upon as inferior and repressed by the society in which they lived. This novel embodies the ideology of equality between a man and woman in marriage, as well as in society at large. As a feminist writerRead MoreTheme Of Feminism In Jane Eyre1733 Words   |  7 PagesGriesinger perceives that Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s focus on both women and religion to be so prominent in Jane Eyre that she coined the term â€Å"biblical feminism† to simultaneously refer to these two themes. Brontà « wrote the novel in a time where radical feminist Protestantism was increasin gly explored, and Griesinger’s overarching view is that Brontà « intended to illustrate that women of faith, like Jane, â€Å"are not disempowered but find strength to obey God even if it means going against social and literaryRead MoreOn Feminism and Jane Eyre Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pageswith, men in a society dominated by men. These seekers are called feminists and many feminists see Charlotte Bronte’s titular character Jane Eyre as a proto-feminist icon of the Victorian era. Not only does Jane Eyre show the struggle of one woman under one man it represents the struggle of women in a male-dominated society. Reading Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre through a feminist perspective reveals Jane’s fight for independence, individuality, and equality in a society controlled and dominated byRead More Jane Eyre and Feminism Essay1799 Words   |  8 Pages Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre embraces many feminist views in opposition to the Victorian fem inine ideal. Charlotte Bronte herself was among the first feminist writers of her time, and wrote this book in order to send the message of feminism to a Victorian-Age Society in which women were looked upon as inferior and repressed by the society in which they lived. This novel embodies the ideology of equality between a man and woman in marriage, as well as in society at large. As a feminist writerRead MoreJane Eyre, The Bluest Eye, And Feminism1422 Words   |  6 PagesPavit Singh Mr. Trott English 2 Honors Period 5 15 May 2015 Jane Eyre, The Bluest Eye, and Feminism Feminism. It’s a big concept in society today, but has it always been that way? Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is a famous work on the basis of her own experiences. In this novel, the author shapes a tough and independent woman who pursues true love and equality. In the Victorian period, the image of Jane Eyre cast a sharp contrast to the man-dominated society. She stands for a new lady who hasRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pages Jane Eyre was written in a time where the Bildungsroman was a common form of literature. The importance was that the mid-nineteenth century was, the age in which women were, for the first time, ranked equally with men as writers within a major genre (Sussman 1). In many of these novels, the themes were the same; the protagonist dealt with the same issues, search for autonomy and selfhood in opposition to the social constraints placed upon the female, including the demand for marriage (Sussman)

Cumulative Sentence Definition and Examples

In grammar, a cumulative sentence is an independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions (phrases or clauses) that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea. Contrast with a periodic sentence. Also called  cumulative style or right-branching. In Notes Toward a New Rhetoric, Francis and Bonniejean Christensen observe that after the main clause  (which is often stated in general or abstract terms), the forward movement of the [cumulative] sentence stops, the writer shifts down to the lower level of generalization or abstraction or to singular terms, and goes back over the same ground at this lower level. In short, they conclude that the mere form of the sentence generates ideas. Examples and Observations He dipped his hands in the bichloride solution and shook them--a quick shake, fingers down, like the fingers of a pianist above the keys.(Sinclair Lewis, Arrowsmith, 1925)The radiators put out lots of heat, too much, in fact, and old-fashioned sounds and smells came with it, exhalations of the matter that composes our own mortality, and reminiscent of the intimate gases we all diffuse.(Saul Bellow, More Die of Heartbreak. William Morrow, 1987)Her moving wings ignited like tissue paper, enlarging the circle of light in the clearing and creating out of the darkness the sudden blue sleeves of my sweater, the green leaves of jewelweed by my side, the ragged red trunk of a pine.(Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm. Harper Row, 1977)The unwieldy provision carts, draught horses, and heavily armed knights kept the advance down to nine miles a day, the huge horde moving in three parallel columns, cutting broad highways of litter and devastation through an already abandoned countryside, many of the adventurers now traveling on foot, having sold their horses for bread or having slaughtered them for meat.(John Gardner, Life and Times of Chaucer. Alfred A. Knopf, 1977)The San Bernardino Valley lies only an hour east of Los Angeles by the San Bernardino Freeway but is in certain ways an alien place: not the coastal California of the subtropical twilights and the soft westerlies off the Pacific but a harsher California, haunted by the Mojave just beyond the mountains, devastated by the hot dry Santa Ana wind that comes down through the passes at 100 miles an hour and whines through the eucalyptus windbreaks and works on the nerves.(Joan Didion, Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream. Slouching Towards Bethlehem, 1968)I am with the Eskimos on the tundra who are running after the click-footed caribou, running sleepless and dazed for days, running spread out in scraggling lines across the glacier-ground hummocks and reindeer moss, in sight of the ocean, under the long-shadowed pale sun, ru nning silent all night long.(Annie Dillard, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek. Harper Row, 1974)He wept silently, after the custom of shamed and angry men, so that when the pursuit party came tumbling, pounding, scrabbling down the trail, past the fold in which he and Hillel stood concealed, he could hear the creak and rattle of their leather armor with its scales of horn; and when the Arsiyah returned, just before daybreak, at the very hour when all of creation seemed to fall silent as if fighting off tears, Zelikman could hear the rumbling of the mens bellies and the grit in their eyelids and the hollowness of failure sounding in their chests.(Michael Chabon, Gentlemen of the Road: A Tale of Adventure. Del Ray, 2007) Cumulative Sentences Defined and Illustrated The typical sentence of modern English, the kind we can best spend our efforts trying to write, is what we will call the cumulative sentence. The main or base clause, which may or may not have sentence modifiers like this before or within it, advances the discussion or the narrative. The other additions, placed after it, move backward (as in this sentence), to modify the statement of the base clause or more often to explain it or add examples or details to it, so that the sentence has a flowing and ebbing movement, advancing to a new position and then pausing to consolidate it. (Francis Christensen and Bonniejean Christensen, A New Rhetoric. Harper Row, 1976) Setting a Scene With Cumulative Sentences The cumulative sentence is particularly good for setting a scene or for panning, as with a camera, a place or critical moment, a journey or a remembered life, in a way not dissimilar to the run-on. It is another kind of—potentially endless and half-wild--list. . . . And here is this writer Kent Haruf, writing a cumulative sentence, opening his novel with it, panning the smalltown western landscape of his story: Here was this man Tom Guthrie in Holt standing at the back window in the kitchen of his house smoking cigarettes and looking out over the back lot where the sun was just coming up. (Kent Haruf, Plainsong) (Mark Tredinnick, Writing Well. Cambridge University. Press, 2008)

Essay on Marx And Mills - 1185 Words

Marx And Mills John Stuart Mill suggests that a person’s ethical decision-making process should be based solely upon the amount of happiness that the person can receive. Although Mill fully justifies himself, his approach lacks certain criteria for which happiness can be considered. Happiness should be judged, not only by pleasure, but by pain as well. This paper will examine Mill’s position on happiness, and the reasoning behind it. Showing where there are agreements and where there are disagreements will critique the theory of Utilitarianism. By showing the problems that the theory have will reveal what should make up ethical decision-making. John Stuart Mill supports and explains his reasoning in his book, Utilitarianism. Mill†¦show more content†¦If one is to avoid all pain in his or her life, then how will that person truly know what true pleasure feels like? True pleasure comes only after experiencing pain. If a person always wins a race, does he or she feel true pleasu re each time they win or does it turn into a feeling that they come to expect? If there is a person who loses races constantly, will his happiness be greater when he finally wins? The rewards and pleasures of the second person would greatly outweigh the feelings of happiness the first had because he or she knows how it feels to be defeated. The second person knows the pain that is received because of failure so when he when he will recognize the joy and pleasure that comes with winning. Using this same setting, would it be better for the second person to run in races filled with people who are not matched in skill just so he may always win or should he or she race individuals who are equally matched? Although the first would produce pleasure, the second example would yield the greater amount of pleasure due to the understanding that the competition was evenly matched. Both of these examples show that pain can ultimately cause pleasure, and in some cases the presence of pain will inc rease the feeling of happiness. Another point were there is disagreement is when Mill justifies the pursuit of pleasure by saying â€Å"actions are rightShow MoreRelatedMarx and Mills Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Stuart Mill suggests that a persons ethical decision-making process should be based solely upon the amount of happiness that the person can receive. Although Mill fully justifies himself, his approach lacks certain criteria for which happiness can be considered. Happiness should be judged, not only by pleasure, but by pain as well. This paper will examine Mills position on happiness, and the reasoning behind it. Showing where there are agreements and where there are disagreements will critiqueRead MoreComparing Karl Marx And The Mill Mill On Their Understandings Of Freedom2522 Words   |  11 Pagesessay compares and contrasts Karl Marx and J.S. Mill on their understandings of freedom and their analyses of the impediments to its realization. Both Marx and Mil l agree that human beings are capable of making progress and that the concept of freedom is an end in itself. Thus, they saw freedom as a means to realise individual potential and self-determination. However, both differ on the concept of freedom realisation and the impediments to freedom. Mill argues that the impediment to freedomRead MoreKarl Marx And John Stuart Mill Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx and John Stuart Mill were both philosophers who lived in the 1800s. Beginning with Karl Marx, he was a German philosopher, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. In his adult years, Marx was not recognized as a citizen of any country even though he was born in Germany and he spent most of his years in London, England. There, he continued to evolve his philosophy and social thought in participation or collaboration with a German thinker called Friedrich Engels. They worked together andRead More Comparing Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill Essay4553 Words   |  19 Pages Karl Marx was born and educated in Prussia, where he fell under the influence of Ludwig Feuerbach and other radical Hegelians. Although he shared Hegels belief in dialectical structure and historical inevitability, Marx held that the foundations of reality lay in the material base of economics rather than in the abstract thought of idealistic philosophy. He earned a doctorate at Jena in 1841, writing on the materialism and atheism of Greek atomists, then moved to Kà ¶ln, where he founded and editedRead MoreViews of Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill Essay examples1184 Words   |  5 Pageshis private caprice. Karl Marx, On the Jewish Question The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty While, after reading the above two quotations, it may appear that Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill take seemingly opposing views on the proper relationship betweenRead MoreA Comparison of Marx and Engels with Mill Regarding Social and Economic Progress3483 Words   |  14 PagesA Comparison of Marx and Engels with Mill Regarding Social and Economic Progress To understand what these two different philosophies tell us about the nature of social and economic progress it is important to clearly establish, for the purpose of this essay, a definition of the word progress. Many philosophers see progress as being a positive, continuous advancement into the future where, if we do not gain full scientific and empirical knowledge of our surroundings one dayRead MoreMarx, Mill And Freud s Critique Of Political Economy And The Communist Manifesto Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesmerely implicit) notions of freedom and unfreedom we find in the texts we have read by Marx, Mill and Freud. Use the esoteric traditions we have examined thus far (from the Book of Job to Plato) as a comparative yardstick, or point of reference, but without letting them take over the foreground in your paper -- the latter should be reserved for these three figures. Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and John Stuart Mill are three authors who tackle the topic of freedom in unique ways, but their messages areRead MoreFilling the Void: Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill and Others on Identity1145 Words   |  5 Pages More specifically, new political movements, ideas of nationalism, and change of social norms brought on by many writers and theorists such as Karl Marx, John Mill, and many others. The spread of such ideas was also helped by the spread of public education and rising literacy rates in western society. The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, is a short publication that contains Marx’s and Engel’s theories on the nature of society and politics, as well as class struggleRead MoreThe Macroeconomic Perspectives of David Ricardo, Karl Marx, and John Stuart Mill2163 Words   |  9 PagesThe Macroeconomic Perspectives of David Ricardo, Karl Marx, and John Stuart Mill ECON 350 19 November 2012 Abstract The author surveys three influential economists of the Classical era—Ricardo, Marx, and John Stuart Mill—and introduces the reader to their Macroeconomic perspectives based on some of their more prominent Macroeconomic theories. David Ricardo David Ricardo was a Classical Economist who lived from 1772 to 1823. In his professional life he woreRead More A Comparison of the Economic Philosophies of Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx1781 Words   |  8 Pagesgatherers who share whatever the day has brought to them within their tribe, or a larger community which within its structure lie the inner dwellings of division of labor and societal classes. Adam Smith (18th Century), John Stuart Mill (19th Century), and Karl Marx (19th Century) are of the same cloth, but in modern terms their community is referenced as a government, and they each have their own distinct opinions on the drive instilled within human nature that shape their personal economic

Socialism And The Second Is Capitalism - 922 Words

There are to forms of economic systems that will be explained in the paper. Both of the topics will be about the origins of each form of economic system, what each hopes to achieve, and the pros and cons. The first is going to talk about socialism and the second is capitalism. Socialism is a government run by the public rather than by private individuals. Thus, in a socialistic country, the common public owns the factors of production and makes economic decisions. Therefore individuals do not work alone, but together. Everyone in the community contributes to one another. Socialism came into being due to the success of capitalism. Socialism is the complete opposite of capitalism. Socialism believes in everyone being equal. The start of socialism was in the early 1800s, when a man by the name of Henri de Saint-Simon, thought of the idea of a society as â€Å"one large factory.† (The Origin of Socialism. The Origin of Socialism. Constitutional Business Consulting Inc, 1999. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.) There are four forms of socialism. The first form of socialism is European social democracy. Under European social democracy, the state has control over the majority of the economy’s industries but lets a few individuals can have an enterprise and part of the decision making. The major industries include communication and energy. When the government has too much ownership in the production, nationalism is formed. Thus creating privatization, when the government sells the nationalizedShow MoreRelatedCapitalism And The United States1549 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalism first originated in Western Europe when merchants would take their products and sell them to the public. From here, capitalism spread to the United States through colonization and over time, assisted in the enhancement of the United States’ economy. When other countries, like the UK and France, had seen this success, they also wanted their economy to be structured similarly to the United States’. For the sake of having a fixed definition of capitalism, it can be defined as an economicRead MoreThe Ideals of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Mao, and Stalin Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pages 1. Scientific Socialism Scientific socialism is the type of socialism that Engels uses to refer to Marx’s analysis of political history. Scientific socialism exams social and economic methods’ using the scientific method and it tries to mimic the hard sciences like chemistry and physics. Scientific socialism is different from utopian socialism because it takes into consideration the historical developments of men while utopian socialism does not. According to Engels when referring to utopianRead MoreRevisionist Socialism1088 Words   |  5 PagesRevisionist Socialism What is it? Revisionist socialism seeks to reform or tame capitalism rather than abolish it. †¨It seeks to reconcile socialism with capitalism. It seeks social justice in the sense of narrowing the economic and social inequalities (to varying degrees) within capitalism through welfare and redistribution. Social democracy is the most obvious example of revisionist socialism. Revisionists are invariably parliamentary, not revolutionary, socialists. Bernstien BeginningRead MoreEssay about Capitalism and Socialism1566 Words   |  7 Pagesbasics of American life for granted, but these liberties are all because of capitalism. Capitalism is an economic system that enables consumers to determine which products will be sold, lets firms decide how to produce them, and allows markets to guide who gets them. IN the United States, oil is an example of an industry that is run by this principle. Life would be different, however, if the nation was socialist. Socialism is an economic theory that mandates that the governing body, rather than theRead MoreModern Political Ideas and Doctrines Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesa) How did Marx conceive the transition from capitalism to communism? Karl Marx is considered to be a historian, a philosopher, a political thinker, and an economist amongst other things. There is a standard misconception that Marx had no idea of economics, by contrast he was quite the economist, and was able to layout the transition of capitalism to communism in a very logical and understanding way. The transition of capitalism arises through three core factors: the philosophyRead MoreEssay about A Mixed Economic System Would Benefit the United Kingdom1246 Words   |  5 Pagessystems have been developed since the Industrial Revolution, these are Capitalism and Socialism. Both systems have advantages and disadvantages, this essay will explain these, and also give my proposals for a mixed system for the whole society of the United Kingdom. Capitalism Capitalism generally started as an economic system in the United Kingdom at the time of the Industrial Revolution. The basic explanation of Capitalism would be to say that the economy is left to its own devices with noRead MoreSocialism And Laissez Faire Of The United States1147 Words   |  5 Pagesshifted more into Socialism rather than Laissez-faire. The second largest economy in the world, China, is widely understood as being a socialist country, however, for the past years they have been inclined towards a more capitalist nation, but are still officially socialist. Socialism and Laissez-faire both have fatal flaws, but both concepts can be blended and pragmatic to the new millennium while having a positive future. Common ownership is the core foundation of socialism. This translates asRead MoreNew Democracy And Manifesto Of Korean Communist Party1273 Words   |  6 PagesManifesto of Korean Communist Party In January of 1940, Zedong Mao delivered a speech during a liberal conference in Yan’an, the center of communism and socialism in China. In the speech, Mao argued that the fate of Chinese revolution must be held in hands of proletariats, and as a leading result, the revolution must construct China as a socialism country. Two decades ago, in 1921, Shanghai, Korean communists also declared their country’s independence by publishing The Manifesto of Korean CommunistRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Bertell Ollman953 Words   |  4 Pagescontemporary society and how much benefit it brings to this developing modern world. What will things be look like after the revolution could be a questions often put to Marxists. But the answers are frequently unclear and vague. Since socialism emerges out of capitalism as a result of a successful struggle against it by the working class, the specific measures introduced by the revolutionary socialist government will depend on the particular economic especially, social and political conditions at theRead MoreCapitalism vs Socialism1746 Words   |  7 PagesOutline: Essay question: What is the best policy for any country: capitalism or socialism? Introduction: Thesis statement: It is much better to live in the country where the gap between poor and rich people is sharply noticeable, than to know that a person will never differ from the mass of people or feel a real freedom in his/her own country. Body: A. Capitalistic policy gives an equal opportunity to everyone to become a wealthy person. * Person can have his own business and develop

Cultural Analysis Essay Example For Students

Cultural Analysis Essay Maria is a twenty year old who was born in Fargo but moved to Belcourt when she was two with her family. Her mother was born and raised in Belcourt, ND but married a man from a different tribe. This was why they had moved to Fargo, ND but when her parents became ill they moved back to take care of her parents. Maria has two sisters, one who is twenty-four and one who is seventeen. Maria attended the community college in Belcourt for one year and received her license in lobotomy. After one year at the community college she decided to transfer to the University of Mary and plans on graduating with medical lab science degree. Her passions are reading, nail art, drawing, and spending quality time with her family and friends. Although Maria speaks English it is important as a Chippewa to learn the native language Ojibwa. She is not fluent in Ojibwa but she loves listening and learning the language from her grandmother. The Ojibwa language is spoken roughly by 40,000 to 50,000 people (Roy, 2006). The Chippewa tribe also known as Ojibwa was the third largest Native American group with a population of 104,000, which was after the Cherokee and the Navajo tribes (Roy, 2006). Their love for festivities and music led them to construct their own musical instrument made of the finest woods from trees in Puerto Rico. The cuatro has been an instrument distinguished for its brilliance and quality of sound. It is played at two different angles; meaning you use your left hand to play the strings on the top end of the instrument and the right hand plays the bottom strings simultaneously. The cuatro has been recognized as the National Musical Instrument in Puerto Rico. Its musical quality and its beautiful harmony make it a precious jewel (Libaro). The cuatro symbolizes the festive characteristic or personality of the Hispanic or Latin culture. Throughout the year there are numerous festivities in which the cuatro contributes to the cultural and musical development of our land. The versatility of the cuatro is demonstrated with the famous parrandas . This festivity is quite a tradition. The cuatro is essential in the parrandas. During the Christmas season friends, neighbors and family members gather at a pre-selected home. There they practice Christmas carols until late evening hours. The parrandistas accompanied by the householder and a growing entourage of friends, neighbors, and relatives sing, on-or off-key, at the front door. The turning on of outdoor lights signified they were welcomed. The crowd would then continue the lively singing in the living room, expecting to find hospitality, both solid and liquid. Traditional dishes of the season are served: pasteles , fried meat pies, rice with pigeon peas, roast pork, and chicken and rice soup among the few. Traditional desserts served gave the parrandistas the clue they needed to move on to the next home. According to the tradition, the household members visited accompanied the group with the sound of the cuatro, guiro, and maracas; to the next victim. On January 6 Latinos celebrate Three Kings Day. This is one of the festivities that accompany Christmas. The story of the three kings is based on biblical scriptures that tell the story of three wise men who guided by a bright star arrived at Bethlehem where they delivered gifts to the Christ child. Many Latinos in Latin America, and those living in the United States, continue the tradition of giving gifts to their children. On the eve of Three Kings Day, children place grass and water underneath their bed, for the kings camels. El Museo del Barrio Parade celebrates Three Kings Day in New York. As part of these festivities a group of Troubadours , dressed in traditional peasant-like clothing, accompanied by the cuatro, sing verses to the crowd as they walk along the parade (Suarez). During the first week of May, Latinos participate in a variety of festivities to celebrate Cinco de Mayo and Latino culture. Dance and musical productions are the essential part of the celebration. Celebrations occur across the country to commemorate May 5, 1862, when Mexican forces vanquished the French army at battle in Puebla(Vargas). The battle and victory represent peoples ability to succeed despite the obstacles. Cinco de Mayo celebration is a community event used to teach the importance of continuing to fight for justice despite the obstacles. .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 , .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .postImageUrl , .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 , .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7:hover , .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7:visited , .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7:active { border:0!important; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7:active , .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7 .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u057a8067e23e0e3022998b8bebe810f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hyperspace Essay The message is: Be proud of who you are, remember your tradition of struggle, and despite the obstacles, continue the battle for education, health, and justice. Cinco de Mayo is a time to party! It gives each city a chance .

Hemmingway Essay Research Paper Ernest HemmingwayJessica SheeranErnest free essay sample

Hemmingway Essay, Research Paper Ernest Hemmingway Jessica Sheeran Ernest Hemmingway was non merely a great American author but he was besides a great showman. His unblushing self-promotion made him a famous person beyond the universe of literature. Although his life was a normal one as a kid, Hemmingway developed into a great author and with that he got acknowledgment from the universe, which he traveled invariably. Despite his decent upbringing and success in life, in the ulterior old ages of his life, he broke down and ended his life. The Oak Park vicinity of Chicago was an mean topographic point to populate and turn up in. Hemmingway was born at that place on July 21, 1899, to his parents Clarence and Grace Hemmingway. His male parent, a physician by twenty-four hours and a huntsman by season, passed on to the immature Hemmingway a love for the out-of-door life. His female parent, a rigorous Protestant, continually tried to prosecute her boy to hold the same beliefs as herself but he rebelled against her and faith. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemmingway Essay Research Paper Ernest HemmingwayJessica SheeranErnest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His high school yearss were similar to many Americans at that clip and it was non until subsequently in his life that he was anything more than norm. In the interim, World War 1 was on the heads on many Americans, including Ernest Hemmingway? s. He decided to function his state and aid but when he went to registry, he was rejected due to his hapless vision. This incident did non forestall him from being included in the war, he found an gap as a Red Cross worker and took advantage of that, abandoning his occupation at the Kansas City Star. While he was on responsibility, he was injured and brought to a infirmary where he met his first love, nurse Agnes von Kurowsky. After the war, he returned place and began composing once more. He so met Hadley Richardson and married her in 1921. The twosome so moved to Paris in order for Ernest to compose for the Toronto Daily Star. In Paris, he wrote his first well-known novel, The Sun Besides Rises. Along with his new book, he besides married a new married woman, Pauline Pheiffer, editor of V ogue magazine. The lived in Key West, Florida for near to twelve old ages and while they were they Hemmingway produced novels such as A Farewell to Weaponries and For Whom the Bell Tolls. In 1932, Death in the Afternoon was published, a novel about Hemmingway? s new involvement, bull combat. He felt his life needed some exhilaration in it so he felt an African campaign was the reply. A divorce from Pauline and a matrimony to Martha Gelhorn was the following measure. However, this did non last really long, in fact, a short piece subsequently, Hemmingway married once more to Mary Welsh, doing her his 4th and concluding married woman. ? Grace under force per unit area? , Was a slogan that was good respected by many at the clip, including Ernest Hemmingway. In fact, it was the slogan that Hemmingway based his life on. After going around the universe and take parting in many? manfully? activities, he put together a short narrative entitled Old Man and the Sea. This piece became an blink of an eye hit to the populace, puting Hemmingway back in the limelight that he so much adored. Not merely did he bask composing literature, he besides had a avocation of making images of himself for the public by composing columns in work forces? s magazines, portraying himself as a adult male? s adult male. The public took good to him, presenting him the Noble Prize for literature in 1954, an event which no uncertainty boosted his self-importance. While he was populating in Florida, he was informed that his male parent had killed himself. This, to Hemmingway was a shame to his slogan, ? Grace under pressure. ? In the terminal nevertheless, Hemmingway besides broke down and did the same thing. The ulterior old ages in his life, showed Ernest as a different character, or in unusual tempers and confronting depression, which may hold led up to this event. To most, Hemmingway will be remembered as an outstanding author with a triping personality. His many authoritative novels will be read in schoolrooms everyplace for a long clip to come, turn outing his accomplishment. Even though he painted himself black at the terminal, his work is still reflecting.

Mobile Phone Addiction is getting severe free essay sample

Introduction Mobile phone addiction is getting severe amongst the teenagers in Malaysia. Syed and Nurullah (2009) opine that after the introduction of the prepaid services and the subsidization of handsets, mobile phone communication in Malaysia picked up at a fast pace. Pre-teens (10 to 13 years of age) and teens (13 to 18 years of age) together constituted about 20. 5% of the total user base in Malaysia in 2006, which is a sharp rise from 13. 1% in 2005. For instance, it is not an uncommon sight in Malaysia to find teenagers ‘thumbing’ their handheld devices in urban public spaces oblivious to the rest of the living world around them, experiencing a new way to express identity; rooted in and giving rise to a new sub-culture with its own norms, values and patterns of behaviour. This sub-culture is, in many ways comparable to that of other societies such as those in Western Europe since it can be argued that there is a limited number of responses that technology can generate in any given society, and that specific cultural variation alter slightly the patterns of usage. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Addiction is getting severe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Causes of Mobile Phone Addiction Cell phones are used in public and play a vital role in young adults’ social lives. Many young adults view their cell phones as essential to their happiness. Cell phone companies customize the look of the phone and sound to make cell phone an integral part of many young adults-self-identities, cell phones has become an accessory to their outfit, owning a new gadget would bring pride to the young adults (Takaoet, 2009). Cell phones, along with a myriad of other consumer products are desired possessions the purchase of which goes well beyond the practical aspects of the products themselves. Especially in youth and young adults, cell phones are a source of status and a natural outgrowth of a materialistic desire to own, display and use that could enhance their self-esteem and image (Katz Sugiyama, 2005). Solutions Some of the recommended solutions to the problem are, track your mobile phone usage by jotting down in a notepad the amount of time you spend using your phone and keep the journal for a week, then review the amount of time you are spending on each activity (Grohol, 2007). Turn off your mobile phone and try setting a deadline every evening for a time to retire the technology, and try not to use it again until the next morning. Grohol (2007) said, â€Å"By turning it off, you’re taking back conscious control of your life and this little piece of technology. Mobile phone users must understand that technology improves our life, not affecting our lives. If technology is creating stress and anxiety then one might have a backwards relationship with technology (Grohol, 2007) Conclusion Mobile phone addiction could threaten the very fabric of the society. Hisao Ishii (2009) said , Genuine conversation will be driven out by superficial communication, in which the act of contacting one another is all that matters, leading to a deterioration in the quality of relationships. † Mobile phone addiction is affecting human relationship, efforts have to be taken to solve this problem, Grohol (2007) said:â€Å" the more you keep track of the time you spend using your cell phone, the better you’ll be able to control it. † It is time for teenagers to set apart themselves from their mobile phones. If serious efforts are taken into action, in the future mobile phone addiction will not be a problem to teenagers in Malaysia. (495 words) References

How to Write a Sample of Process Essay

How to Write a Sample of Process EssayThere are many types of samples available in the marketplace for a student to pick from. When they're choosing a sample of process essay, the students will need to keep in mind several things, such as their objectives, writing style, and sample essay format.The first thing that the student should do is to write a basic outline for the essay. They should decide on the topic, how long it's going to take, and the writing style that will be used. The outline should include all the important information that will help them write the sample of process essay.Once they have the outline completed, they should then start to write the essay using their own writing style. The style should be based on the type of situation and situations that the student will be facing throughout the essay.Once they've chosen the sample essay that they want to use, they should then get ready to write the sample essay. They should take each paragraph one at a time and check it over to see if they agree with the writer, and how they could expand upon it.After that is done, they should then proceed to begin writing from the perspective of the subject's opinion. After they have written several paragraphs, they should then edit the essay so that it is as close to being perfect as possible.The student should then turn their essay in for grade. After the essay has been graded, they should then have the option to print the grade out or to have it converted to a computer file so that they can take it with them to their college or university.Once the student has decided on whether or not they want to print out the grade or have it converted, they should then take the grading card with them to their college or university and turn it in. The grade can then be printed out or converted into a computer file.The sample essay should always be used as a guide when writing the final product. It may seem easy to write, but once the student gets to the 'good stuff,' they wi ll then need to practice until they are finished.

aristotle and locke on slavery essays

aristotle and locke on slavery essays Slavery is an issue that has plagued many societies over the history of the world. Slavery has existed on almost every continent, and has affected millions of peoples lives. The idea and philosophy behind slavery is an issue that almost every great political scientist and philosopher has dealt with in discussing actual and theoretical societies. Aristotle is one of the most famous philosophers who spends a great deal of time and effort dealing with the issue of slavery. His ideas of slavery are quite controversial, especially in todays society, due to his belief that people are naturally slaves or masters, based on deductive faculty(Aristotle, 1260a12). Another type of slavery that existed due to natural birth was the enslavement of African Americans in the U.S., a period of time from which this country still suffers. John Lockes discussion of slavery is much more realistic, as well as socially acceptable. Locke believes that slavery will exist only in a state of war, in which a conqueror defeats an unjust individual, and in doing so owns that persons life. However, instead of killing the conquered, the conqueror makes the conquered a slave, thus creating the idea of slavery. This premise is based on a state of war, which is the worst possible state according to Locke. Therefore, slavery is only possible in the worst-case situation. One must take into consideration the fact that Aristotles theory on slavery was written in early ancient Greece, in which divisions among people based on class and wealth were commonplace. Locke, on the other hand, wrote in the late 1600s in England after the Glorious Revolution, and wrote in opposition to authoritarianism. This distinction between contexts of Aristotle and Locke can be clearly seen in their stances on acceptable and unjust slavery. Aristotle begins his discussion on slavery in Book I of The Politics by first re-establishing th...

MGMT 335 U4 DB Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT 335 U4 DB - Research Paper Example One of the main factors to look at when developing a compensation policy would be to create an incentive plan. The most crucial plan would be the pay-for-performance agreement that would have employees rewarded for their ideas, the goals attained and even service to the organization (Phillips & Gully, 2013). Side agreement compensations can also be arrived at when the employer wants results, which are monetary and tangible to the organization. This plan may increase the employees’ motivation and productivity, hence; eliminating all constraints that stand in the employees’ paths. The terms of agreement between the employer and employee may vary and be arranged depending on the effort and purpose of the incentives. Every employee would then have the opportunity to be made like they have an equal chance at compensation and organizational success (Phillips & Gully, 2013). These strategies and plans are meant to increase employee productivity, and in the long run; increase the organizational success. They (employees) may have or feel that they are receiving a non-discriminatory reward for their efforts in the organization, hence; perform to the best of their

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 77

Case Study Example s required for admissions, the processing of test results for patients and transferring patients’ diagnosis or treatment at different places so that it could be more proficient. Previously, all the four sites that the hospital operates in had employed the use of different information technology systems that included electronic medical records system, e-payment systems as well as picture archiving and communications systems which are used in the management of imaging data from MRIs and computed tomography scanning systems. This meant that when patients had to be transferred from one hospital site to another, they were required to carry all their relevant medical records and data with them and the information had to be manually entered into the electronic system that was operated by the hospital. A lot of time and money was wasted through this process and since the hospital sites were not in a position to share histories of patients easily, they were forced to diagnose patients more than once therefore doubling some costs. The Integrated Medical Information System project was founded to deal with these issues that were reducing the efficiency of the hospital. It was meant to phase out the information stores that existed at all of the four sites the hospital operated through coming up with a central source of patient information that was referred to as a data warehouse. The data warehouse entails storage systems for patient’s records along with PaCS data for each site that the hospital operates while having a backup that is off the site to protect the records of the patients. The system transmits the patient’s data between the different sites through a secured private network which ensured that there is regulatory compliance together with integrity as only the employees who are authorised may be able to access it. The different sites of the hospital can simply access the warehouse through a web browser making access to information easy and fast thus reducing

The Gender of the Travestis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Gender of the Travestis - Essay Example Interesting a topic, Kulick undertakes to study the lives of the travestis and their general take on the question of gender identity. So to what gender do travestis belong to? Kulick, through a series of illustrations and interviews with volunteer travestis, gives comprehensive details about the travestis. Surprising as it can be for a person changing his or her gender, to the travestis, it is a norm. Most people who hear of travestis the first time think of them as being abnormal. They are somewhat an in-between gender, completely lost from the normal life and perhaps they live in a world of their own, away from reality. Kulick candidly suggests: â€Å"We see reality like it is, they [travestis] don’t. They live in a world of fantasy.† (p.94). Kulick finds out that travestis are not generally accepted in their homes or families. Once they start on the journey to becoming travestis, often at the age of as low as ten, they are no longer wanted by their parents. Their spirit growing stronger, most aspiring travestis will choose to leave their families and go out on their own, and some are forcibly expelled (p.59). Kulick gives an example of Keila, a travesti who chose to leave their home at the age of thirteen (p.59) and went to live alone, this time too choosing a female name. This tells about the pains the travestis are determined to endure to be fully free, or else to belong to the ‘gender’ of their choice. That is not the end: â€Å"Travestis consider that males are males and females are females because of the genitals they possess.† (p.193). This derives a strong conviction, on their part, that they should retain their genitals – it does not matter the genital one possesses and at least they respect God’s thus creation of genitals (p.193) – so the travestis never remove their penises.

Essay --

Personal Statement I have always had a great passionate for art and it never ending creation. I have always been fascinated with structures, sketch, designs, and many more, so therefore picking architecture as a career option will be the best career pathway for me. This is because it full faith the passionate that I have for art and design. Architecture is very graceful job as it takes into consideration both nature and nurture and this is the key motive why I would love to become an architect. Art has been one of the subjects which I enjoy the most and in my free time I like to research and develop my skills of fine art. I have a great interest in Art and Design which through out my educational career; I have learnt and developed my knowledge of fine art and 3d work. I have researched and worked on the bases which fine artist like Pablo Picasso or Van Gogh who were famous for their outstanding paintings and also worked in the way Kate Malone has presented fine pots which represents fruit and living objects. I have worked in these fields which the great artists have done and by following them and creating my own style of work which has given me the experience of the way these artists worked. I have an enormous interest in 3D work and one of my art works which I have done, a 76cm vases made from clay, then designed and craft apples and oranges around. This piece has been one of the successful works I have done. While building this large vase I have recognised that I have a c reation with 3D work and basing this to my career. During the experience I have learnt to use colour, still life, live drawings, 3D work, ink painting, oil painting and many more. Apart from Art and Design, I like to study about the world we live in, how we ... ...d. While working at D&A I have gained the knowledge of working within an organisation and following leaders or team member’s instructions. I have search to work in Architecture fields within an organisation and I was able to get into a business called ‘Hopkins Architects Ltd’ location near Marylebone Road which has happily offered me a place at summer to work. Through this work experience I will be able to understand and explore the work of creation and invention to make someone world come true. I aim for the best of my educational path and to expand my possibility in the field of Architecture. I recognise that been an Architect has a difficult stages but I aim to challenge the course and to become a professional Architect through your university. I aim to bring success to my career and to your university and I look forward with enjoyment to the challenges ahead.

History of Competition Law in India. Its an Emerging Area in the Field of Law

The establishment of British Rule in India left the Indian economy crippled. India served as a dumping ground for the machine made cloth and other factory goods from England and was reduced to a mere raw material supplying colony. After winning Independence against the political competition posed by the British Rulers for many years, India, post independence, started its era of fighting against economic competition, the only difference being that the threat which India faced was now not only restricted to the British rulers but to the whole world which considered India as a dream destination for celebrating the advantages of ‘Globalization and Liberalization’. Winning Independence gave way to the entrance of many big firms into the Indian market exploring opportunities in various trades and businesses. The condition of the Indian market was very weak and vulnerable to face the might of these foreign firms, because India at that time neither had the resources nor the skilled workforce to convert, if at all, such resources to compete with these foreign firms. The technological and scientific capabilities were poor, industrialization was limited and lopsided. Agricultural sector exhibited features of feudal and semi-feudal institutions, resulting into low productivity. In brief, poverty was rampant and unemployment was widespread, both making for low general standard of living. These were the socio-economic settings in which the founding fathers had to chart out a programme of nation-building. The Indian Government, although did not have the weapons to wage war against such fierce competition against the foreign firms but the Government did not fail to rule out the possible defences to resist the competition posed by the foreign firms to protect its own domestic market. The ‘Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act of 1969’ turned out to be the most sought after ‘Defence Mechanism’. The history of the Indian competitive legislation goes back to the Monopolies Enquiry Commission. In 1964, when the Indian democracy was in its nascent state – barely 17 years old – the Government of India appointed the Monopolies Enquiry Commission to enquire into the effect and extent of concentration of economic power in private hands and prevalence of monopolistic and restrictive trade practices in important economic activity other than agriculture. The commission submitted its report along with the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Bill, 1965 and on June 1st The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act came into existence on 27th  December, 1969. The preamble to this enactment provided it to be  An Act to provide that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of the economic power to the common detriment, for the control of monopolies, for the prohibition of monopolistic and restrictive trade practices and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Therefore, in common parlance, the MRTP Act, 1969 aimed at preventing economic power concentration in a few hands, the intention behind this was to avoid damage, with the end result protecting consumer interest and the economic society at large. HISTORY OF THE MRTP ACT, 1969 Post independence, when the Constitution of India, that is, the Blanket-cover regulator, was being enacted and adopted, the most important Articles which provided for recognising the effect of the MRTP Act, and preventing and avoiding damage were Article 38 and Article 39 of the Constitution, which was adopted and enacted and came into effect on the 26th  day of November, 1949. Article 38 of the Constitution provides for the Directive Principles of State Policy which mandates upon States to secure a social order for the promotion and welfare of the people. This provision recognised the need to eliminate and minimise the inequalities in income, which applied not only to the individuals but also to the groups in different areas. However, the MRTP Act of 1969 owes its existence to the provision provided under Article 39(c) of the Constitution of India which provided that the States shall strive to secure  that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment. The preamble to the MRTP Act rests on this very provision of the Constitution of India. In the case of  State of Bihar  v. Kameshwar Singh  , the Court was of the opinion, that, a law aimed at doing away with the concentration of big blocks of land in the hands of a few individuals would sub-serve the directives laid down in sub-clauses (b) and (c) of Article 39 of the Constitution of India. Taking this judgment into perspective, the preamble to the MRTP Act, 1969 gets reinstated where the objective or the intention f the legislature behind enacting such an Act is to avoid damage by concentration of economic power in the hands of only a few and thereby causing damage. However, the MTRP Act was not a result of just the two provision of the Constitution of India. After enacting the aforementioned articles, the Government of India assumed the responsibility of overall development of the country. It was incidentally that the Government appointed the ‘Mahalanobis Committeeâ₠¬â„¢ on the Distribution of Income and Levels of Living in October 1960. The main task at hand for this Committee was identifying the pattern of work of large business houses under the ‘planned economy’ regime and whether there was any concentration of economic power. It was after this Committee that the Monopolies Inquiry Commission (MIC) was set-up in 1964 which reported that there was high concentration of economic power in over 85% of industries in India at that point in time. MONOPLIES INQUIRY COMMISSION (MIC) †¢ MIC appointed under Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952 †¢ Scope of inquiry – extent and effect of concentration of economic powers in private hands. TOR excluded agriculture sector and public sector †¢ MIC to suggest legislation and other measures to protect essential public interest and also suggest agency for enforcement of the legislation FINDINGS OF THE MIC †¢ Adverse social effects of economic concentration †¢ Government policies one of the main causes of economic concentration †¢ Managing agency system †¢ New technology – scale of production †¢ Birth of equity culture – increase in size †¢ War efforts of India †¢ Political largesse †¢ MIC used CR3 †¢ Studied 100 products †¢ 64 products were found having CR3 > 75% Infant milk food, biscuits, chocolates, tea, coffee †¢ Dhoti, saree, shirting †¢ Kerosene, coal, petroleum †¢ Lantern, stove, fan, lamp, radio, refrigerator, geyser †¢ Tooth-paste, razor, blade, cigarettes †¢ Vitamins, penicillin †¢ Cars, commercial vehicles, tyres †¢ Cement, sanitary-wares etc †¢ MIC distinguished between industry-wise concentration and country-wise concentration †¢ Large number of industries had either single supplier or one supplier having large share of market. †¢ Collusive behaviour in certain sectors †¢ Entry barrier created by private players Evidence of predatory pricing †¢ Many public sector enterprises enjoyed monopoly †¢ Many restrictive trade practices (RTP) prevalent †¢Hoarding †¢ Re-sale price maintenance †¢ Exclusive dealing †¢ Price fixing †¢ Boycott †¢ Price discrimination â€Å"Big business by its very ‘bigness’ sometimessucceed in keeping out competitors† RECOMMENDATIONS OF MIC †¢ Non-legislative recommendation †¢ Setting up public sector enterprises in sectors which have little competition †¢ Promoting SMEs and Cooperatives to challenge private monopolies †¢ Continuation of license system and import restrictions Proposed an autonomous Commission headed by a Judge to implement a new law. †¢ The proposed commission to have an investigating arm †¢ Punitive powers to the Commission †¢ Scope of merger control limited to merger involving a dominant enterprise (at least 1/3 of share in production/ supply/distribution) †¢ All proposals for expansion by dominant enterprises to be approved by the proposed Com mission †¢ IPRs to be under the purview of the proposed law. MRTP ACT †¢ Made some significant departures from the recommendations of MIC †¢ RTP prohibited MTP – Government can refer to MRTPC for inquiry and recommendation †¢ M & As – powers entirely with the Government †¢ Enterprises having Rs. 200 million in assets and dominant enterprises having Rs. 10 million in assets to seek prior approval of Central Government for expansion or setting up a new undertaking †¢ MRTPC had limited Civil Court powers – enforcing attendance of witness and calling for documents – these powers were not provided to the investigating agency †¢ Trial of offences in the domain of Courts SACHAR COMMISSION †¢ Set up in 1997 to consider the working of MRTP Act and recommend necessary changes. FINDINGS OF THE SACHAR COMMISSION †¢ Reviewed the working of MRTPC during the period 1970-77 †¢ Found that the actual role of MRTPC was limited and mostly advisory †¢ The Government had not made use of the expertise – few references to MRTPC for opinion RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SACHAR COMMITTEE – I †¢ Definition of dominant enterprise to be changed –enterprises with ? arket share to be termed dominant †¢ Harmonization of definition of ‘goods’ in the MRTP Act with the Sale of Goods Act †¢ Inter-connected undertakings concept to be introduced to the MRTP Act †¢ Government Undertakings to be brought under purview of MRTPC †¢ Compulsory reference by the Central Government on MTPs to MRTPC †¢ All M&As to be referred for advise of MRTPC, if the Central Government so desires. †¢ Division of enterprises - MRTPC to pass final orders if the Central Government referred the matter to it. Certain Unfair Trade Practices (UTPs) like misleading advertisements to be inserted in the Law †¢ Power to compensate against injury †¢ Power to grant interim injunction †¢ Power of contempt †¢ Investigating arm to be provided more teeth by powers of conducting down raids and limited Civil Court powers 1984 AMENDMENT TO MRTP ACT †¢ Many deviations from the recommendations of the Sachar Committee †¢ Concept of deemed illegality to host of trade practices introduced †¢ Exclusionary behaviour, tie in sale, re-sale price maintenance, bid rigging, allocation of market, boycott predatory pricing etc. Registration of agreements by dominant enterprises made mandatory †¢ Mis-representation as well as misleading or disparaging advertisement included †¢ Provisions prohibiting UTPs introduced 1991 AMENDMENT TO THE MRTP ACT †¢ Provisions dealing with monopolistic en terprises seeking prior Government approval deleted †¢ Government Undertakings, Government Corporations and Government owned Companies brought under the purview of the MRTP Act by notification †¢ Granting of injunction without issue of notice to the effective parties PROVISIONS IN PRESENT MRTP ACT Has jurisdiction in RTP & UTP – 14 practices are deemed RTP, but there are gateways in S. 38 †¢ MTP if referred or suo moto, but can only recommend to Government †¢ M & A were deleted in 1991 †¢ Can grant temporary injunction †¢ Has powers of contempt †¢ For disobedience, MRTPC must complain to criminal court RAGHAVAN COMMITTEE †¢ A high level Committee on Competition Policy and Law set up in 1999. †¢ TOR inter-alia included recommending a suitable legislation framework which could either be a new law or appropriate amendments to the MRTP Act FINDINGS OF THE RAGHAVAN COMMITTEE †¢ Word â€Å"competition† used sparsely in the MRTP Act – only twice †¢ Absence of precise definition e. g. Cartels †¢ Inadequate to deal with implementation of the WTO Agreements †¢ No specific powers under the MRTP Act to deal with mergers †¢ Inadequate in dealing with anti-competitive practices as in other modern competition law †¢ Expedient to have a new Competition Law. Competition Commission of India: Duties Competition Act, 2002 notified in January, 2003 – Stated objective (as indicated in Preamble) is to establish the Commission to: †¢ Eliminate practices having adverse effect on competition; †¢ Promote and sustain competition Protect consumers’ interests †¢ Ensure freedom of trade carried on by other participants in markets in India [Section 18]Preamble of the Competition Act, 2002 States: â€Å"keeping in view the economic development of thecountry†, †¢ to prevent practices having appreciable adverse effect on competition; †¢ to promote and su stain competition in trade and industry: †¢ to protect the interest of consumers; †¢ to ensure freedom of trade carried on by the participants in markets in India; †¢ Objectives to be achieved through the establishment of the Competition Commission of India (CCI). The Competition Act, 2002 – new wine in a new bottle There is a significant contrast between the repealed MRTP Act and the Competition Act. The intent of the Competition Act is not to prevent the existence of a monopoly across the board. There is a realization in policy-making circles that in certain industries, the nature of their operations and economies of scale indeed dictate the creation of a monopoly in order to be able to operate and remain viable and profitable. This is in significant contrast to the philosophy which propelled the operation and application of the MRTP Act. The word monopoly is no longer taboo in corporate and political India. The Act declares that person and enterprise are prohibited from entering into a combination which causes or is likely to cause an â€Å"appreciable adverse effect† on competition within the relevant market in India. A system is provided under the Act wherein at the option of the person or enterprise proposing to enter into a combination may give notice to the CCI of such intention providing details of the combination. The Commission after due deliberation, would give its opinion on the proposed combination. However, entities not required to approach the Commission for this purpose are public financial institutions, FIIs, banks or venture capital funds which are contemplating share subscription, financing or acquisition pursuant to any specific stipulation I a loan agreement or investor agreement. The Act definitely is a new wine in a new bottle. The Competition (Amendment) Bill, 2006 The Competition (Amendment) Bill, 2006, contains provisions designed to address the Supreme Court’s concerns. It also proposes to make several other changes in sections of the Act dealing with anti-competitive practices. Some proposed amendments are quite sensible, while others (notably a modified leniency programme for firms that provide information about their participation in a cartel) have been inadequately thought out. The amendments designed to placate the Supreme Court will also have some negative consequences. Several weaknesses in the original Act remain unaddressed. Finally, the scarcity of the kind of economic expertise required to interpret the Act’s multifarious technical clauses also remains a matter of concern. Intensive capacity building and a re-assessment of the Act itself are urgently required. Conclusion The quality of governance of the state is being watched very closely by the citizens, investors and the international community. As more freedom is available to businesses to choose from various countries for investment, the competing governments are also conscious about the role of governance in attracting investment. Any perception that the environment is not conducive to competition and the state has been captured by a few big businesses certainly negatively affects the global investment decisions of firms. The same is also true of the situation within different provinces in a country as same considerations are used by the firms in making investment decisions while choosing locations for establishment of an industry. In a market structure where firms face weak competitive pressures and the profits and prices are predictable the firms have little or no incentive to use resources efficiently. Hence competition is accepted worldwide as the life blood of the market economy. It spurs innovation and higher productivity leading to accelerated economic growth; to the consumers it brings the benefit of lower prices, wider choices and better services. The effect of competition on price and accessibility is best illustrated with an example from Indian telecommunications. Tele-density in India has risen from mere 2. 32 in 1999 to 11. 32 in December 2005-07. Also there has been a dramatic fall in telecom tariffs from Rs. 6 per minute to Re. 1 per minute with increased competition in this sector. Similarly, consumers have benefited from competition in other sectors such as civil aviation, automobiles, newspapers and consumer electronics. The enactment of the Competition Act is a commendable step towards achieving the twin mantra of â€Å"open market economy† and â€Å"liberalization† in a mixed economic system. The need for reform in the legal system with regard to comp etition law has been rightly recognized by the legislative bodies in the country. However, the reforms have not been smooth or speedy which has resulted in a stagnation of the legal framework guiding the corporate sector. Further reforms need to be undertaken as fast as possible to ensure that the development of the nation does not take a backseat due to the pending legal reforms. Reforms must provide for good corporate governance, less of government controls and interference, protection of consumers and public interest, rewarding the merits and all to be achieved as soon as possible because world has also options available other than India.